On November 26, 2024, India celebrates a monumental occasion—the 75th Anniversary of the Constitution of India. Known as Constitution Day or Samvidhan Divas, this day honors the adoption of the Constitution and the visionary leaders who shaped the fundamental laws guiding our nation.
The Significance of Constitution Day
Since 2015, Constitution Day has been officially celebrated on November 26, marking the birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. Recognized as one of India’s most significant leaders, Dr. Ambedkar played a key role in advocating for equality, social justice, and democracy. Before 2015, this day was known as National Law Day, focusing on the importance of the rule of law in India.
Constitution Day emphasizes awareness of constitutional values and aims to inspire citizens to reflect on their rights and responsibilities. It also fosters respect for the ideals embedded within the Constitution, underscoring its impact on society, law, and governance.
The Constitution’s Journey and Adoption
The Constitution of India was formally adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, after extensive deliberation. However, it was enacted two months later on January 26, 1950, chosen to align with Purna Swaraj Day, marking the declaration of India’s independence in 1930.
The Constituent Assembly dedicated two years, eleven months, and eighteen days to draft the Constitution, convening over 166 sessions to create an inclusive and balanced document. Members from diverse regions and communities contributed their perspectives, ensuring the Constitution represented a unified vision for the newly independent India.
The Longest Written Constitution
India’s Constitution is the world’s longest written constitution, originally comprising 395 articles, divided into 22 parts and 8 schedules. Numerous amendments have been added since its inception to adapt to India’s evolving societal needs. This comprehensive nature highlights the founders’ foresight, ensuring the Constitution’s relevance through changing times.
The original handwritten copies are preserved in the Library of Parliament. Notable calligrapher Prem Narayan Raizada meticulously transcribed these copies, which are adorned with gold leaf and intricate illustrations by artist Nandalal Bose and his team. These decorations reflect India’s cultural heritage, blending scenes from history and mythology to symbolize enduring national values.
Inspiration and Structure
The Indian Constitution’s structure drew from the Government of India Act, 1935, which laid a foundation for federalism by establishing provinces and princely states as constituent units with divided powers between the central and state governments. Additionally, the framers integrated aspects from various global constitutions:
- Fundamental Rights were inspired by the U.S. Constitution.
- Fundamental Duties took inspiration from the Soviet Constitution.
- The parliamentary system was adopted from the British model.
- Directive Principles of State Policy were influenced by the Irish Constitution.
These sources contributed to a dynamic and adaptable constitution that balances rigidity and flexibility, allowing for amendments to address emerging societal needs while preserving its core principles.
The Constitution: A Pillar of Indian Democracy
The Constitution forms the foundation of Indian democracy, establishing a governance system rooted in justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. Every arm of government—the legislature, executive, and judiciary – derives its authority from this document, which also upholds citizens’ rights and responsibilities.
The Preamble introduces these values, affirming India as a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic dedicated to social welfare, secularism, democracy, and sovereignty. It reflects the nation’s dedication to creating an inclusive society committed to equality and unity.
Celebrating Constitution Day
Observing Constitution Day allows us to honor this pivotal moment in history and reaffirm our commitment to constitutional ideals. This 75th Anniversary is a chance to reflect on India’s journey under the Constitution and its role in guiding progress.
The day also serves as an opportunity to educate citizens about their rights and responsibilities, deepening their understanding of the democratic process. Events, discussions, and readings of the Preamble encourage individuals of all ages to appreciate the Constitution’s impact and engage actively in nation-building.
The Legacy of the Indian Constitution
Over the years, the Constitution has evolved through amendments and judicial interpretations, expanding rights and promoting inclusivity. It has served as a framework for addressing issues of social justice, equality, and empowerment, especially for marginalized communities. By celebrating Constitution Day, we express gratitude for this enduring document and renew our commitment to justice, inclusivity, and peace.
Moving Forward
The 75th Anniversary of Constitution Day calls us to renew our dedication to uphold and protect the Constitution. This observance provides an opportunity to reflect on our roles as citizens and contribute to strengthening democracy.
For young people, in particular, Constitution Day serves as an educational moment, highlighting the importance of constitutional values and the impact of active citizenship on India’s future. It reinforces the idea that while the Constitution is a historical document, it remains a living instrument for guiding progress and harmony across generations.
Constitution Day is a celebration of our shared values and a reaffirmation of our democratic ideals. As we honor the legacy of the framers, let us pledge to carry forward their vision of an India that upholds dignity, freedom, and unity for all citizens. Through awareness and active engagement, we can ensure that the Constitution remains a guiding force, continuing to foster progress, justice, and unity for future generations.
